The Invented Puzzle Mac OS

Mac OS, operating system (OS) developed by the American computer company Apple Inc. The OS was introduced in 1984 to run the company's Macintosh line of personal computers (PCs). The Macintosh heralded the era of graphical user interface (GUI) systems, and it inspired Microsoft Corporation to develop its own GUI, the Windows OS. In the old days man tried to catch a glimpse of the future in the strangest of ways.Experience the ancient Swedish phenomena of year walking through a different kind of first person adventure that blurs the line between two and three dimensions, as well as reality and the supernatural. Besides the 39 puzzles below, there are a few unfinished puzzles lurking in the project's repository including implementations of Block Puzzle (another puzzle invented by Nikoli), the block-sliding puzzle ‘Klotski', and the well-known Sokoban barrel pushing game. There's also a puzzle called Group which is, in fact, complete.

A keychain (also key fob or keyring) is a small ring or chain of metal to which several keys can be attached. The length of a keychain allows an item to be used more easily than if connected directly to a keyring. Some keychains allow one or both ends the ability to rotate, keeping the keychain from becoming twisted, while the item is being used.

The Invented Puzzle Mac Os X

A keychain can also be a connecting link between a keyring and the belt of an individual. It is usually employed by personnel whose job demands frequent use of keys, such as a security guard, prison officer, janitor, or retail store manager. The chain is often retractable, and therefore may be a nylon rope, instead of an actual metal chain. The chain ensures that the keys remain attached to the individual using them, makes accidental loss less likely, and saves on wear and tear on the pockets of the user.

Use of keychains[edit]

Keychains are one of the most common souvenir and advertising items. Keychains are commonly used to promote businesses. A standard advertising keychain will carry the businesses name and contact information and often a logo.

In the 1950s and 1960s, with the improvement of plastic manufacturing techniques, promotional items including keychains became unique. Businesses could place their names on promotional keychains that were three-dimensional for less cost than the standard metal keychains.

Keychains are small and inexpensive enough to become promotional items for larger national companies that might give them out by the millions. For example, with the launch of a new movie or television show, those companies might partner with food companies to provide a character keychain in each box of cereal.

Keychains that currently hold keys are an item that is never long misplaced by the owner. People sometimes attach their keychain to their belt (or belt loop) to avoid loss or to allow quick access to it. Many keychains also offer functions that the owner wants easily accessible as well. These include an army knife, bottle opener, an electronic organizer, scissors, address book, family photos, nail clipper, pill case and even pepper spray. Modern cars often include a keychain that serves as a remote to lock/unlock the car or even start the engine. An electronic key finder is also a useful item found on many keys that will beep when summoned for quick finding when misplace

Keyring[edit]

A keyring or 'split ring' is a ring that holds keys and other small items, which are sometimes connected to keychains. Other types of keyrings are made of leather, wood and rubber. Keyrings were invented in the 19th century by Samuel Harrison.^[1] The most common form of the keyring is a single piece of metal in a 'double loop'. Either end of the loop can be pried open to allow a key to be inserted and slid along the spiral until it becomes wholly engaged onto the ring. Novelty carabiners are also commonly used as keyrings for ease of access and exchange. Often the keyring is adorned with a key fob for self-identification. Other forms of rings may use a single loop of metal or plastic with a mechanism to open and securely close the loop.

Key fob[edit]

A key fob is a generally decorative and at times useful item many people often carry with their keys, on a ring or a chain, for ease of tactile identification, to provide a better grip, or to make a personal statement. The word fob may be linked to the low German dialect for the word Fuppe, meaning 'pocket'; however, the real origin of the word is uncertain. Fob pockets (meaning 'sneak proof' from the German word Foppen) were pockets meant to deter thieves. A short 'fob chain' was used to attach to items, like a pocket watch, placed in these pockets.^[2]

Fobs vary considerably in size, style and functionality. Most commonly they are simple discs of smooth metal or plastic, typically with a message or symbol such as that of a logo (as with conference trinkets) or a sign of an important group affiliation. A fob may be symbolic or strictly aesthetic, but it can also be a small tool. Many fobs are small flashlights, compasses, calculators, penknives, discount cards, bottle openers, security tokens, and USB flash drives. As electronic technology continues to become smaller and cheaper, miniature key-fob versions of (previously) larger devices are becoming common, such as digital photo frames, remote control units for garage door openers, barcode scanners and simple video games (e.g. Tamagotchi) or other gadgets such as breathalyzers.

Some retail establishments such as gasoline stations keep their bathrooms locked and customers must ask for the key from the attendant. In such cases, the keychain has a very large fob to make it difficult for customers to walk off with the key.

Access control key fobs[edit]

Access control key fobs are electronic key fobs that are used for controlling access to buildings or vehicles.^[3] They are used for activating such things as remote keyless entry systems on motor vehicles. Early electric key fobs operated using infrared and required a clear line-of-sight to function. These could be copied using a programmable remote control. More recent models use challenge–response authentication over radio frequency, so these are harder to copy and do not need line-of-sight to operate. Programming these remotes sometimes requires the automotive dealership to connect a diagnostic tool, but many of them can be self-programmed by following a sequence of steps in the vehicle and usually requires at least one working key.

Key fobs are used in apartment buildings and condominium buildings for controlling access to common areas (for example, lobby doors, storage areas, fitness room, pool). These usually contain a passive RFID tag. The fob operates in much the same manner as a proximity card to communicate (via a reader pad) with a central server for the building, which can be programmed to allow access only to those areas in which the tenant or owner is permitted to access, or only within certain time frames.

Telecommuters may also use a security token – an electronic device often referred to as a fob – that provides one part of a three-way match to log in over an unsecurenetwork connection to a secure network. (A well-known example is the RSA SecurID token.) This kind of key fob may have a keypad on which the user must enter a PIN to retrieve an access code, or it could be a display-only device.

RFID key fobs can be easily cloned with tools like the Proxmark3, and there are several companies in America that offer this service.

Costs[edit]

The costs of keychains vary widely depending on their purpose. Advertising keychains begin at only a few cents a piece to a few dollars each. They are normally purchased in large quantities often over 500 at a time.^[4]

Keychains are found in retail stores to represent things such as television shows, movies, video games, nostalgia, hobbies, interests and personalities. These keychains range from a dollar up to ten dollars and more.

Electronic keychains including games and small organizers start at a few dollars and can be up to 50 US dollars. Other keychain electronics including cameras, digital photo frames and USB drives cost 10 to US$100.

Souvenir keychains are one of the most popular keychains that sell. These are keychains that represent a trip or a location that a person is visiting. These most commonly cost 1 to US$10.

As a collectible item[edit]

The most popular focused keychain collections are advertising, souvenir, monument, popular characters and nostalgia-related items.^[4]

Collectors display and store their keychains in several different ways. Some collections are small enough that the collector can place all of their keychains on their standard key ring. Some larger collections can be stored and displayed on dowels, cork boards, tool racks, on large link chains, in display cases, hung on walls, displayed on Christmas trees. Some collections are large enough that entire rooms are dedicated to the keychain collection.^[4]

According to Guinness World Records, the largest collection of keychains consists of 62,257 items, achieved by Angel Alvarez Cornejo in Sevilla, Spain, as verified on 25 June 2016. His collection began at the age of 7. Due to the tremendous size of his collection he now stores his keychains in his garage and a rented warehouse.^[5]

The previous record holder was Brent Dixon of Georgia, United States with the largest collection of keychains, at 41,418 non-duplicated ones.^[6]

Keychains don't hold their value as well as other collections. A standard keychain that was purchased for five dollars new may only be worth less than a dollar once it has been owned regardless of condition.

Keychain items[edit]

Items commonly attached via a keychain or keyring include:

• Keyrings
• Logos, slogans, or phrases
• Loyalty program cards
• Membership cards (e.g., library cards, gym membership cards, etc.)
• Ornamental or decorative items
• Personal sirens
• Photos (photo holders)
• Pocketknives and Penknives
• Religious items (e.g., crosses, Traveller's Prayers, or hamsas)
• Text labels
• Thermometers (analog and digital)
• Tools (e.g., Swiss Army knives)
• Vehicle remote keyless system fobs
• Watches and stopwatches
• Tails of animals (e.g., squirrel, raccoon, or fox)

Computer keychains[edit]

By analogy to the physical object, the terms keychain and keyring are often used for software that stores cryptographic keys. The term keychain was first introduced in a series of IBM developerWorks articles.^[4] The term is used in GNU Privacy Guard to store known keys on a keyring. Mac OS X uses a password storage system called Keychain. A 'keyring' is also the name of a password manager application working under the GNOME desktop manager (used for example in Ubuntu operating system). In cryptography a keyring is a database of multiple keys or passwords. There are also portable Password manager programs, such as Keepass and KeePassX.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^J.T.Bunce, Memoir of Sir Josiah Mason, p. 208; Simon Parkes, A Tale of Two Knives, Midland Ancestor, vol. 8, no. 4, June 1987. Henry Bore, The Story of the Invention of Steel Pens, 1890, at p. 20 says that Harrison made a steel pen for Joseph Priestley in about 1780, 'probably the first steel pen ever produced.'
2. ^'fob - alphaDictionary * Free English On-line Dictionary'. Alphadictionary.com. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
3. ^http://natsoc.org.au/faq
4. ^ ^abcdRoebuck, Kevin (24 October 2012). Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): High-impact Strategies - What You Need to Know. ISBN9781743048924. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
5. ^'Largest collection of keychains'. Guinness World Records. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
6. ^'Largest Collection of Keychains'. Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011.

External links[edit]

• Media related to Key fobs at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of key fob at Wiktionary

Collapse! is a series of tile-matchingpuzzle video games by GameHouse, a software company in Seattle, Washington. In 2007, Super Collapse! 3 became the first game to win the Game of the Year at the inaugural Zeebys. The series has been discontinued since 2015 due to RealNetworks shutting down its internal games studio.^[1]

In 2006, a spin-off series called Super Collapse Puzzle Gallery! was developed into 5 games.

Gameplay[edit]

The classic Collapse! game is played on a board of twelve columns by fifteen rows. Randomly colored blocks fill the board, rising from below. By clicking on a group of 3 or more blocks of the same color, the whole group disappears in a collapse and any blocks stacked above fall down to fill in the vacant spaces. If a whole column is cleared, the elements slide to the center of the field. If one or more blocks rise beyond the top row of the board, the game is lost. If the player manages to survive a specified number of lines without losing, they win the level and are awarded points for successful completion.^[2]

A level usually begins with a few rows of blocks using a starting set of colors (typically red, green, blue, white, and yellow.). One after the other, new blocks are added to a 'feed' row below the board. When the feeder row has filled, all of its blocks are moved up, to the active board, shifting the field of remaining blocks higher. During the course of a level, the rate of new blocks entering the feed increases. New colors may also be introduced, making it more challenging for the player to find groups that are large enough to be collapsed.

In higher levels of the game, 'bombs' appear, mixed among the blocks. The bombs are black (in which case clicking on them causes the surrounding blocks to disappear), or are the color of one of the groups of bricks (in which case clicking on the bomb eliminates all bricks on the board that are the same color). Black bombs have the additional quality of serving as a bridge between bricks of the same color; if two or more bricks of the same color are touching a bomb, then clicking one of those bricks has the same effect of clicking on a group of three or more bricks of the same color. In Super Collapse 3!, this rule is changed to allow colored bombs to act as a bridge between matching groups.

When a player completes a certain number of 'even-numbered' levels (i.e., from level 2, 4, 8, 10, 14 and 16), a bonus level is played. Here, the player has 15 seconds to completely clear a screenful of bricks and earn extra points.

Games[edit]

Web & Super Collapse![edit]

In late 1998, Ben Exworthy and Garr Godfrey^{[citation needed]} worked together to release the original Collapse! as a browser-based game.

In 2001, GameHouse developed and released Super Collapse!, a standalone download for Microsoft Windows. This new version adds enhanced graphical resolution, animations, sounds and music. Afterwards, GameHouse continued to use the word 'super' in the titles of its download games, to distinguish them from the web-based versions.

Super Collapse! II[edit]

In 2002, one year after the release of Super Collapse!, GameHouse would create the first true sequel in the series, Super Collapse! II. In addition to the classic gameplay, Super Collapse II would offer Relapse, Strategy, and Puzzle modes.

Super Collapse! 3[edit]

Super Collapse! 3 continued expanding the work of previous Collapse! games. In addition to three new modes (Slider, Continuous, Countdown), Super Collapse! 3 introduced a 'quest' mode where players progressed through a whimsical world, unlocking new levels as they go. Sound effects and music for Collapse! 3 were created and composed by Jesse Holt.

In 2006, it received a Zeeby award and was named the Best Casual Game of the Year.

Collapse! (2009)[edit]

In late 2009, GameHouse released all new versions of the game dubbed COLLAPSE! across several platforms including Windows, Mac, Facebook, and mobile.^[3] While each version is uniquely designed for each major platform, players can earn special codes to unlock bonuses in the PC, Mac, and Facebook versions.

Facebook app[edit]

The first of these new games was a Facebook application, released in October.^[4] Players compete with friends in weekly tournaments, with a new game variation unlocked each day. During any given week, players can play and replay any previous day's challenge (for example, to maximize a score) but, at the end of the week, the scores are locked, combined into weekly totals, and winners declared.

iPhone and mobile[edit]

On December 4, 2009, the iPhone and iPod Touch COLLAPSE! was released to the iTunes Store. Like Super Collapse 3, this version featured a quest mode where the player would advance through a world, unlocking new levels. Unlike Collapse 3, however, this version introduced player and enemy characters as well as a name for its fictional world: 'Blocktopia.'

According to RealNetworks, this new mobile game used a proprietary development platform, Emerge, and is capable of being ported to eight mobile operating systems, 130 cell phone carriers and distributors.^[5] A version for Android as well as BlackBerry and other devices is planned to follow the iPhone by a few weeks.^[3]

The Invented Puzzle Mac Os Catalina

Windows and Mac[edit]

Released December 9, 2009, the PC and Mac COLLAPSE! continued to evolve the game in the direction set out by Super Collapse 3.^[6]

The 'Quest' mode from Super Collapse 3 has been renamed 'Adventure' in COLLAPSE! and updated to feature not only a more detailed world ('Blocktopia') but also a story and a customizable avatar to take through it. Each land within Blocktopia is plagued with a unique catastrophe that must be repaired one level at a time. At the end of each land, players battle against a comic boss who uses special powers and techniques to vary the gameplay and challenge the player.^[7]

The Invented Puzzle Mac Os Pro

Completing levels rewards players with coins that can be used to purchase power-ups, avatar clothing, and additional game features in shops located throughout the world. There are also casinos where players can play games of chance to win even more coins if they run into difficulty.

The Invented Puzzle Mac Os Catalina

While much of the classic gameplay is unchanged, one significant variation is the addition of double boards. These modes place a second game board alongside the first and players must switch attention between the two.

References[edit]

1. ^http://investor.realnetworks.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=229425
2. ^http://www.mobygames.com/game/super-collapse
3. ^ ^abhttps://venturebeat.com/2009/12/09/real-networks-launches-multi-platform-game-collapse/
4. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2010-01-22. Retrieved 2009-12-10.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. ^https://venturebeat.com/2009/09/17/real-networks-launches-program-to-publish-mobile-games-to-1700-cell-phones/
6. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2009-12-13. Retrieved 2009-12-10.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
7. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2009-12-13. Retrieved 2009-12-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)